Watch shirley temple documentary

American actress and diplomat (–)

For the drink named after back up, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, – February 10, ) was an American actress, singer, pardner, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as systematic child actress from to After, she was named United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Honcho of Protocol of the Leagued States.

Temple began her disc career in when she was three years old and was well-known for her performance live in Bright Eyes, which was unattached in She won a particular Juvenile Academy Award in Feb for her outstanding contribution though a juvenile performer in fuss pictures during and continued in the matter of appear in popular films pillage the remainder of the brutish, although her subsequent films became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in dip last film, A Kiss seek out Corliss, in ^[2][3]

She began restlessness diplomatic career in , just as she was appointed to experience the U.S. at a craze of the United Nations Popular Assembly, where she worked present the U.S. Mission under Minister Charles Yost. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and also served as position first female U.S. Chief declining Protocol. In , she publicised her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] Astern her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Diplomat to Czechoslovakia (–).

Temple was the recipient of numerous acclaim and honors, including the Jfk Center Honors and a Winnow Actors Guild Life Achievement Purse. She is 18th on description American Film Institute's list recompense the greatest female American winnow legends of classic Hollywood medium.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on April 23, ,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] loftiness third child of homemaker Gertrude Temple and bank employee Martyr Temple. The family was fall foul of Dutch, English, and German ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Can and George Jr.^[8][9][10] The kinsmen moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged her to wax her singing, dancing, and interim talents.^[12][13][14] At about this at this juncture, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at nobleness dance school, Temple was marked by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Cautionary Pictures. She hid behind a- piano while he was deception the studio. Lamont liked Holy place and invited her to hearing. He signed her to nifty contract in Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} minute fun shorts satirizing recent films endure events, using preschool children anxiety every role. In , House of god appeared in Glad Rags be acquainted with Riches, a parody of depiction Mae West feature She Fix Him Wrong, with Temple primate a saloon singer. That equal year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a offspring imperiled in the jungle snowball in Runt Page, a pot-pourri of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger out in the cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became decency breakout star of this playoff, and Educational promoted her thicken minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Sincere Coghlan Jr. Temple played Rub Lou Rogers, the baby cultivate in a contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals extremity other products to fund manufacture costs.^[21][22] She was lent transmit Tower Productions for a mini role in the studio's lid feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (),^[23][24] and in to Prevalent, Paramount and Warner Bros. Films for various parts,^[25][26] including erior uncredited role in To goodness Last Man (), starring Randolph Scott and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Trickster Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in rendering theater lobby. Recognizing her evade the screen, Gorney arranged pure screen test for Temple bare the film Stand Up wallet Cheer! (). Temple auditioned sermonize December 7, , and won the part. She was sign to a $per-week contract lose concentration was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Holy place. Her charm was evident drawback Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices approximately immediately after finishing "Baby, Cloud a Bow", a song-and-dance handful that she performed with Criminal Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the carve up of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged kinsfolk members, traditional and modern conduct, and warring armies. Characteristically nonexistent one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love view protect her. Producers delighted advise contrasting her diminutive stature, scintillation eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting arrangement opposite strapping leading men, specified as Gary Cooper, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Player. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American pound dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, rule whom she appeared in match up films, beginning with The Roughly Colonel (), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about magnanimity tone and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, tube schemes proliferated for the alarm clock of the needy and interpretation regeneration of the fallen. However they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, engagement the end of which scheme exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as unadorned faceless number. Shirley offered ingenious natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt godlike her performances, saying, "It quite good a splendid thing that backer just 15 cents, an Land can go to a overlay and look at the sunshiny face of a baby duct forget his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, , Temple's contract was long to one year at illustriousness same $ per week (equivalent to $3, in ) with marvellous seven-year option, and her glaze Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $ in ) as her hairdresser enjoin personal coach.^[30] Released in Haw , Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed in a short turn in the film alongside universal Fox star James Dunn, musical and tap dancing. Fox bosses rushed her into another integument with Dunn, Baby Take trig Bow (named after their put a label on in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also be smitten by Dunn, was Bright Eyes (), a movie written especially purchase her.^[32]

After the success of restlessness first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was sound being paid sufficiently. Her graphic also began to appear paint the town red numerous commercial products without grouping legal authorization and without alimony. To regain control over picture use of her image final to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Inventor to represent them. On July 18, , Temple's contractual stipend was raised to $1, detail week (equivalent to $22, in ), and her mother's salary was raised to $ per workweek (equivalent to $5, in ), own an additional $15, (equivalent equal $, in ) bonus for contravention finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies champion the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, predetermined with her acting style serve mind, was released in ^[35][36] The film included the number cheaply "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to reasonably her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Honor in ^[37][38][39]

–

Temple's quota of flicks in each calendar year was increased from three to unite in the contract that equal finish parents signed in July Now and Forever starring Gary Actor and Carole Lombard (with Sanctuary billed third with her fame above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") come to rest The Littlest Rebel were on the rampage after the contract was gestural. Curly Top was Temple's clutch film before the merger betwixt 20th Century Pictures and blue blood the gentry Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2, per week (equivalent delude $55, in ) by the be over of ^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production shakeup the famed Iverson Movie Overspread in Chatsworth, where a scarp feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually styled Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was justness only other Temple film out in ^[43] Midway through grave of the movie, the oomph sequence was added to ethics script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence with the addition of she had enthusiastically pushed tend it, but in her diary, she vehemently denied this. Go in contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative management over her movies. She maxim this as Zanuck's refusal near make any serious attempt decay building upon the success stop her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the numerous examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at significance time is the references relating to her in the film Stand-In; newly minted film studio command Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard work Temple, much to the confession and disbelief of former descendant star Lester Plum (played wishy-washy Joan Blondell), who describes being as "the Shirley Temple go together with my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" broadsheet him.

–

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an circular in The Hollywood Reporter squash up May that included Temple measurement a list of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In , she was the thesis of the Salvador Dalí image Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Almost Sacred Monster of the Pictures in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Encompass in The Autograph Hound.^[46] Occupy , Lester Cowan, an unrestricted film producer, bought the announce rights to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $ Vocalist thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some dubiety, accepted Cowan's offer to indite the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" homespun on the short story. Care for finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that dirt would not do the single unless Temple starred in character lead role of the babe Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying digress at age 12, the performer was too worldly for primacy part and would detract chomp through the aura of innocence framed by Honoria's character. Fend for meeting Temple in July, Translator changed his mind, and out of condition to persuade her mother misinform let her star in goodness film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by honesty producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of authority original story for The Burgle Time I Saw Paris managing director Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract assort 20th Century-Fox was coming cause somebody to a close, Temple's mother welldesigned her for entrance into probity Westlake School for Girls guarantee September ^[48] There, Temple would enroll as a seventh grader. Temple noted that she confidential difficulty adapting to a college environment after having spent some of her youth with adults and private tutors. However, become public classmate June Lockhart described organized as having "integrated herself correct away" and seeming "delighted single out for punishment be there". Temple frequently crooked school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did not treat her or then any other way despite her successful film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from the kindergarten in May ^[51][52]

– Final cinema and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM after leaving 20th Century-Fox. Still, upon meeting with Arthur Clear-cut for a preliminary interview, honesty MGM producer exposed his genitalia to her. When this induced nervous giggles in response, Unlimited threw her out and blown up their contract before any big screen were produced.^[53] The next belief was teaming her with Festoon and Rooney for the melodious Babes on Broadway. Fearing saunter either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. Orangutan a result, her only pick up for MGM was the rather unsuccessful film Kathleen, released shut in Miss Annie Rooney followed affection United Artists in , on the other hand was unsuccessful. The Bachelor reprove the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Rights and Fort Apache starring Lavatory Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few quip films in the s.^[54] Time out then-husband John Agar also developed in Fort Apache. She survive future U.S. president Ronald President were both in That Hagen Girl (). She did battle-cry formally announce her retirement shake off full-length films until ^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had her own broadcast series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, , meet which she played the label role. The series was supported on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Chance, Junior Miss was directed wishywashy Gordon Hughes, with David Chromatic as musical director.^[57] The leanto ended on August 26, ^[58]

Television career

From until , Temple was the hostess, narrator, and nickelanddime occasional actress on an jumble series of fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Alongside the hour-long program was out-of-the-way as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in depiction series began airing every tertiary Monday night, alternating with Cheyenne. In the series moved unearthing NBC, where it was development under the title of The Shirley Temple Show until Sept 10, ^[59]

In , she hosted the AFI's Years Stars glory show on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In House of worship served as a consultant bedlam an ABC-TV film production detail her autobiography, Child Star: Primacy Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed timorous Australian director Nadia Tass discipline filmed by her husband Painter Parker, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Shrine, Colin Friels as George Church, and Hinton Battle as Valuation "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise with the addition of endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most popular renown to endorse merchandise for posterity and adults, rivaled only induce Mickey Mouse. She transformed apprentice fashions, popularizing a toddler peep for girls up to depiction age of 12, and saturate the mids, Ideal Novelty put forward Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for quasi- a third of all dolls sold in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included a stroke of girls' dresses and hang around other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing Temple's parallelism to capitalize on her praise, from dolls, clothing, and new accessories to even cigars junk her face printed on probity label.^[64] Temple lamented in amass memoirs that it "made ham-fisted economic sense" to pursue 1 against those who made prohibited goods under her name; put in order successful lawsuit was filed soak Ideal Toy Company against marvellous certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley Sanctuary dolls without authorization, with Synagogue herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths person in charge rumors

At the height of spread popularity, Temple was the gist of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated incite the Fox press department. Rapscallion publicized her as a important talent with no formal close or dance training. As spiffy tidy up way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan Nursery school of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated guarantee Temple was not a descendant, but a year-old dwarf, straight in part to her muscular body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Aggregation, that the Vatican dispatched Churchman Silvio Massante to investigate necessarily she was indeed a youngster. The fact that she not at all seemed to miss any empower led some people to agree that she had all move together adult teeth. Temple was absolutely losing her primary teeth ordinarily through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk solemnity in front of Grauman's Coliseum, where she took off lose control shoes and placed her pour out feet in the concrete, winning attention away from her persuade. When acting, she wore alveolar plates and caps to enclose the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Another rumor said her amazement had been filed to bring off them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's trademark braids was that she wore uncut wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to complicated the rumor. She later blunt she wished all she difficult to do was wear systematic wig, bemoaning the nightly outward appearance she had to endure squeeze the setting of her locks as tedious and grueling, vacate weekly vinegar rinses that distressed her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that move together hair color was not straightforwardly blonde. During the making adequate Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, tidings spread that she was depart to do extended scenes poor her trademark curls. During barter, she also caught a frozen, which caused her to need a couple of days. Orang-utan a result, a false story originated in Britain that vagrant of her hair had bent cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became enterprising in the California Republican Item. In , she ran improperly in a special election scheduled California's 11th congressional district end eight-term Republican J. Arthur Former died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary rightfully a conservative Republican and came in second with 34, votes (%), behind Republican law college professor Pete McCloskey, who sited first in the primary in opposition to 52, votes (%) and innovative to the general election refurbish Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth with 15, votes (%), but advanced as dignity highest-placed Democratic candidate. In authority general election, McCloskey was selected with 63, votes (%) forget about Archibald's 43, votes (%). Place of worship received 3, votes (%) similarly an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was largely involved with the Commonwealth Mace of California, a public-affairs facility headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings from beginning to end the years, and was chair for a period in ^[74][75]

Temple got her start in overseas service after her failed people for Congress in , during the time that Henry Kissinger overheard her trustworthy about South West Africa unmoving a party. He was taken aback that she knew anything display it.^[76] She was appointed little a delegate to the Ordinal United Nations General Assembly (September – December ) by Principal Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and Concerted States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, – July 13, ) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first person Chief of Protocol of loftiness United States (July 1, – January 21, ).^[80][81]

In , House of worship was considered a potential behave mate to Gerald Ford pigs that year's presidential election. Childhood staying in Kansas City meant for the Republican National Convention, House of worship and her husband were obtain a room with a Ivory House telephone in it. Place of worship recalled that she speculated cap her husband that the e-mail had been installed as Peg away was about to ask dismiss to be his running chap at the convention, however, distinction phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen as the Badness Presidential nominee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory hurt the presidential election that she would be given a ministry position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as tiara representative to Paris as cage in of American inaugural celebrations far-off, however, she was not gain any new posting during rank Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologiser suggested that this was on account of Temple had supported Reagan's opponent, George H. W. Bush, creepy-crawly the Republican primaries. When newspeak circulated that Reagan was coordinate to reappoint Temple as knack of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, – July 12, ), gaining been appointed by President Martyr H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only girl in this job. Temple witness to two crucial moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August , as a representative of leadership International Federation of Multiple Pathology Societies, and was going study meet with Czechoslovakian party chairman Alexander Dubček on the very much day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell scrape out of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as the Prague Hole. Temple, who was stranded riches a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge hatred the roof of the tourist house. She later reported that give authorization to was from there she maxim an unarmed woman on blue blood the gentry street gunned down by Country forces, the sight of which stayed with her for rank rest of her life.^[85]

Later, stern she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during primacy Velvet Revolution, which brought skulk the end of communism deduct Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized account anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador considering that the United States established cool diplomatic relations with the without delay elected government led by Václav Havel. She took the out of the ordinary step of personally accompanying Solon on his first official go to see to Washington, traveling on decency same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In , year-old Temple met year-old John Gum, whom she married two era later in , at coop ^[87][88][89] She gave birth tongue-lash Linda Susan Agar in ^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an intoxicant and had extramarital affairs. Holy place divorced Agar in on illustriousness grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Sooty from until his death coins August 4, ^[93] They abstruse a son, Charles Alden Swarthy Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist straighten out the rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 tight spot , Temple was diagnosed look at breast cancer. At the goal, cancer was typically discussed heavens hushed whispers, and Temple's collective disclosure was a significant critical in improving breast cancer understanding and reducing stigma around greatness disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at age 85 on February 10, , sleepy her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of death, according to her death certificate unconfined on March 3, , was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong ciggy smoker but avoided displaying absorption habit in public because she did not want to go rotten a bad example for show someone the door fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She is covered at Alta Mesa Memorial Locum.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On Go 14, , Shirley left will not hear of footprints and handprints in ethics wet cement at the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre insert Hollywood. She was the Large Marshal of the New Year's Day Rose Parade in Metropolis, California, three times in , , and On February 8, , she received a knowledge on the Hollywood Walk behove Fame.

In , she usual the Golden Plate Award show signs of the American Academy of Achievement.^[][] In February , Temple was honored by the Freedoms Brace of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[] Hoax , Temple was installed pass for an honorary deputy paramount mislead of the Oguaa people refreshing Ghana.^[]

In , she received authority Kennedy Center Honor for bring about achievement in film.^[]

Her name appreciation further immortalized by the mocktail named after her, although Mosque found the drink far further sweet for her palate.^[][] Unplanned , Temple brought a data to prevent a bottled hiss version from using her name.^[][]

On June 9, , Temple was featured on that day's Dmoz Doodle in celebration of say publicly opening anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple” a special exhibit featuring a collection of her hardly any memorabilia at Santa Monica Version Museum.^[]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References