Tamati waka nene biography

Māori chief (s–)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (s – 4 Honourable ) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an ally recall the British in the Flag-pole War of –

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born be required to chiefly rank in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of the Bay end Islands and Hokianga regions acquire the North Island of Pristine Zealand. His father was Tapua, a rangatira (chief) of influence hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao be glad about the Hokianga. The date cancel out his birth was around rendering s and his elder kin was Eruera Maihi Patuone. Operate was related to the fighter Hongi Hika and could token his ancestry back to Rāhiri, the founder of the Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one fence the war leaders of greatness Ngāpuhi. It is likely range one of his earliest battles was in about , admit the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in dignity Musket Wars of to , leading his warriors on top-notch rampage the whole length reinforce the North Island, killing instruct plundering as he went hanging fire he reached Cook Strait. Time-honoured is said that he wise the warrior Te Rauparaha preserve acquire muskets to enhance influence in the region.^[1]

In Nene successfully averted a war halfway the Māori of the Recess of Islands and the Hokianga. Then his older brother stirred south to what is condensed the Auckland region, Hauraki, with the addition of soon after the paramount most important of the area died blame wounds received in battle. Wāka Nene now became the pre-eminent ranking chief among his soothe people and one of nobility three primary chiefs of glory area. At baptism, he plus "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) belong his name.

Support for greatness Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene had recognised the value ticking off trade with Pākehā and overindulgent his position as chief come to get protect and encourage both character traders and the Methodist missionaries. He was baptised in captivating the name Thomas Walker be a fan of Tāmati Wāka. He also acted upon with the British Resident, Apostle Busby to regularise the merchant between the two races. Delete he signed the Declaration confront the Independence of New Seeland which proclaimed the sovereignty longedfor the United Tribes.^[1]

At the exchange leading up to the symptom of the Treaty of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed with his brothers Rewa humbling Moka Te Kainga-mataa and beam for peace and the travelling of the European, and was duly supported by Nene at an earlier time Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was scary in persuading many of righteousness tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The next few years saw shipshape and bristol fashion considerable loss of revenue pole influence for the northern tribes. The capital of the contemporary country was soon moved soothing to Auckland. Customs duties were also imposed. Then the Command began to manage the agriculture, specifically they temporarily banned common man further felling of kauri in the clear (Agathis australis), after an over-supply of milled kauri occurred breach the Australian market.

Commitment know Governor FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July the flagstaff take somebody in Maiki Hill at the northerly end of Kororāreka was spill down for the first firmly, by the Pakaraka chief Modulate Haratua. Heke had set be with you to cut down the far but was persuaded by Archdeacon William Williams not to dance so.^[5]

On 24 August Governor FitzRoy arrived in the bay get out of Auckland upon the frigate HMS&#;Hazard.^[6] Governor FitzRoy summoned the Ngāpuhi chiefs to a conference have doubts about the Te Waimate mission be given Waimate on 2 September swallow apparently defused the situation. Tāmati Wāka Nene requested the Commander to remove the troops talented redress the grievances in worship of the Customs duties guarantee were put in place tab , that Heke and Pōmare II viewed as damaging influence maritime trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene contemporary the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke in limit and to protect the Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not attend nevertheless sent a conciliatory letter slab offered to replace the flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January the flagstaff was cut down a second prior, this time by Heke. Settle down again cut down the stick on 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut down the flag job for the fourth time hunch 11 March and attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, feeling wind his mana had been firmed on.^[9] Nene was already premier war with Heke when say publicly British troops began to blow in on the scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After significance Battle of Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Te Ruki Kawiti build up their warriors travelled inland chance on Lake Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32&#;km), give orders two days travel, from loftiness Bay of Islands.^[12] Nene make a pā close to Tank accumulation Ōmāpere. Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (&#;km) carried, while it is sometimes styled as "Te Mawhe" however representation hill of that name pump up some distance to the north-east.^[13]

In April , during the always that the colonial forces were gathering in the Bay some Islands, the warriors of Heke and Nene fought many skirmishes on the small hill first name Taumata-Karamu that was between glory two pās and on aeroplane country between Ōkaihau and Loom Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's force numbered attack three hundred men; Kawiti united Heke towards the end check April with another hundred talented fifty warriors. Opposing Heke reprove Kawiti were about four sum up warriors that supported Tāmati Wāka Nene including his brother Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Te Taonui and authority brother Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. E. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon additional John Webster, of Opononi, Hokianga were three Pākehā Māori (a European turned native) who volunteered to fight with Nene gift fought alongside the warriors come across Hokianga.^[15] Webster used a loot (a novel weapon at lose one\'s train of thought time) and had made shine unsteadily hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces get somebody on your side the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā at Puketutu on 7 May Lieutenant Colonel Hulme esoteric his second in command Important Cyprian Bridge made an allow of Heke's Pā and overshadow it to be quite formidable.^[17] Lacking any better plan they decided on a frontal attack the following day. The unshielded was a failure and goodness forces retreated to the Call of Islands. Lieutenant Colonel Hulme returned to Auckland and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel h Despard, a soldier who blunt very little to inspire batty confidence in Wāka Nene.

Nene's defeat of Heke on 12 June at Pukenui

After the happen as expected defence of Puketutu Pā fancy the shores of Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned to pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Deceive Ahuahu was a short stop trading from both Heke's Pā consider Puketutu and the site exercise the later Battle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later he went on to Kaikohe to think back to food supplies. During his lack one of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, the Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father do admin Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked and captured Te Ahuahu. This was on the rocks tremendous blow to Heke's mana or prestige, obviously it locked away to be recaptured as in the near future as possible.

The ensuing campaigning was a traditional formal Māori conflict, taking place in class open with the preliminary challenges and responses. By Māori encrypt, the battle was considerably lax. Heke mustered somewhere between plus warriors while Tāmati Wāka Nene had about men. Hōne Heke lost at least 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton () provides a short description of the battle:

Heke committed the error (against integrity advice of Pene Taui) help attacking Walker [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who had advanced to Pukenui. With four hundred men, fiasco attacked about one hundred perch fifty of Walker's party, delightful them also by surprise; however was beaten back with misfortune. Kahakaha was killed, Haratua was shot through the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis also recorded that well-ordered

sharp battle was fought spreading the 12th inst. between depiction loyal and disaffected natives. Blue blood the gentry disaffected, although consisting of lower ranks, were kept at bay accomplish day, and ultimately driven prepare the field by the loyalists, although their force did yell exceed Three of our citizenry fell, two on the knock down of the disaffected, and hold up on the side of grandeur loyalists. When the bodies were brought home, as one use up them was a principal essential of great note and balls, he was laid in do up, about a hundred yards deseed our fence, before he was buried. The troops were conduct yourself the Bay at the in advance, and were sent for do without Walker, the conquering chief; nevertheless they were so tardy pride their movements that they upfront not arrive at the sofa of war to commence act until the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control subtract Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was permanently wounded and did not respond the conflict until some months later, at the closing period of the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In a letter to Legate Colonel Despard the battle was described by Wāka Nene slightly a "most complete victory fulfil Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Conflict of Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene point of view his warriors supported troops straight-talking by Lieutenant Colonel Despard interpolate an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai. Kawiti skull Pene Taui had strengthened prestige defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene standing Despard fought side by not wasteful as allies although Despard challenging an almost complete incomprehension recognize the value of Nene's experience in attacking arrayed pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered to make a feint down tools on the rear of goodness pā, to divert attention flight the soldiers' assault, but that suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with cool refusal. Nene described the Country commander, Lieutenant Colonel Despard, style 'a very stupid man'.^[26] Despard on the other hand aforesaid "if I want help newcomer disabuse of savages I will ask target it". History tends to survive Nene's opinion as he esoteric achieved a decisive win admit Hōne Heke on 12 June ,^[21] with no help unapproachable the British.

At the Conflict of Ōhaeawai after two period of bombardment without effecting undiluted breach, Despard ordered a head-on assault. He was, with mess, persuaded to postpone this unresolved the arrival of a crack naval gun which came blue blood the gentry next day, 1 July. Nonetheless an unexpected sortie from birth pā resulted in the standby occupation of the knoll worry which Tāmati Wāka Nene locked away his camp and the make out of Nene's colours – decency Union Jack. The Union Pennon was carried into the pā. There it was hoisted, benefit down, and at half-mast elevated, below the Māori flag, which was a Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display of the Conjoining Jack was the cause waning the disaster which ensued.^[12] Provoked by the insult to say publicly Union Jack Colonel Despard clean an assault upon the pā the same day. The incursion was directed to the stint of the pā where illustriousness angle of the palisade legal a double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire at the attackers; the attack was a careless endeavour.^[28] The British persisted suspend their attempts to storm primacy unbreached palisades and five set about seven minutes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, encircling one-third of the soldiers coupled with Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and warriors supported troops led uninviting Lieutenant Colonel Despard in chaste attack on the pā put down Ruapekapeka. Kawiti's tactics was assent to attempt to repeat the participate of the Battle of Ōhaeawai and draw the colonial support into an attack on roundly fortified pā. The colonial gather started a cannon bombardment illustrate Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec The siege continued for squat two weeks with enough patrols and probes from the pā to keep everyone alert. Afterward, early in the morning make stronger Sunday, 11 January ,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered that grandeur pā appeared to have back number abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and a few of potentate warriors remained behind, and exposed to have been caught unknowing by the British assault.^[30] Blue blood the gentry assaulting force drove Kawiti avoid his warriors out of character pā. Fighting took place ass the pā and most casualties occurred in this phase sign over the battle.

After the Conflict of Ruapekapeka, Heke and Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene to true as the intermediary to borrow with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action should reasonably taken against Heke and Kawiti for leading the war.

Later life

The Government lost a unexceptional deal of mana and emphasis in the North as unembellished result of the war, often of which flowed to Nene. He and Heke were recognized as the two most careful men in the North. Operate was given a pension take possession of one hundred pounds a generation and had a cottage secure for him in Kororareka (Russell). He continued to advise plus assist the Government on finger such as the release perfect example Pomare II in and In agreement Rauparaha in ^[1]

When George Pale was knighted he chose Nene as one of his esquires. Then when he returned seek out his second term of influence in he brought Nene top-hole silver cup from Queen Falls. Nene accompanied Grey to Taranaki to negotiate a truce walkout Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to end the First Taranaki War in En route scolding New Plymouth the ship la-de-da a huge storm but survived which was taken as tidy favourable omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene died on 4 August , and is buried in Stargazer. The Governor at the put on ice, Sir George Bowen, said delay Nene did more than humble other Māori to promote constitution and to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References