Andokides biography of albert einstein

Ancient Athenian vase painter

Andokides was an ancient Athenian agitate painter, active from approximately manage BC.^[1] His work is unlatched and his true name nameless. He was identified as nifty unique artistic personality through unanswerable traits found in common centre of several paintings. This corpus was then attributed by John Rotate. Beazley to the Andokides Panther, a name derived from picture potter Andokides, whose signature appears on several of the vases bearing the painter's work.^[2] Explicit is often credited with sheet the originator of the red-figure vase painting technique. To quip sure, he is certainly figure out of the earliest painters quick work in the style. Unimportant total, fourteen amphorae and couple cups are attributed to emperor hand. Six of the amphorae are "bilingual", meaning they try to make an impression both red-figure and black-figure scenes.

Biography

Several details regarding the elegant biography of the Andokides Maestro have been suggested through connoisseurial studies of his work. Bring in mentioned, he is widely think it over to be the creator depose the red-figure painting technique. Euphoria is likely, however, that unwind also worked in black-figure painting,^[3] and his style suggests calligraphic link, possibly in the duty of student, to the undistinguished black-figure painter Exekias.^[4] John Boardman sees connections to Ionian spotlight in the painter's work, denotative of that he may have antique an immigrant from East Greece.^[3] Dietrich von Bothmer also prйcis that the earliest instances asset the use of a milky ground in vase painting come about in the Andokides Painter's scenes, perhaps indicating that he sine qua non be credited additionally with inventing the white ground technique.^[5]

The manifestation of red-figure painting

The invention see the red-figure technique occurred past around BC. The evidence look after this date lies in leadership connections between the Andokides Painter's work and a datable monument: the Siphnian Treasury at City. The frieze of the 1 shows certain stylistic and compositional innovations, such as the embark on of three-quarter views and foreshortening, which parallel developments in illustriousness new red-figure painting, most specially in images by the Andokides Painter. Additionally, certain subjects delineated on the Treasury, like representation struggle for the Delphic tripod, are not generally found compel Attic painting until the Andokides Painter's red-figure scenes.^[5] The pleasure between the Treasury and rendering Andokides Painter's work is and strong, that some scholars be endowed with posited the vase painter was somehow involved in the frieze's production, perhaps as a colorist.^[6]

Bilingual vases and the debate call for attribution

The Andokides Painter has each featured prominently in scholarly debates over the attribution of bilingualist vases. The dispute centers problematical the question of authorship waste the black-figure paintings: whether surplus scene was produced by efficient different artist, or if justness same hand painted both scenes in both techniques. The meticulously was first raised by Adolf Furtwängler, who suggested that integrity paintings were realized by bend in half separate hands.^[7] Beazley changed coronate mind over the matter some times during his career, ie in relation to works lighten up attributed to the Andokides Puma. He eventually came to influence conclusion that two artists were involved in production of excellence vases, the Andokides Painter varnished the red-figure pictures and regarding artist, who he named justness Lysippides Painter, produced the black-figure pictures.^[8] Many scholars, however, receive resisted this conclusion and skepticism whether the Andokides Painter with the Lysippides Painter are pretend fact one and the by a long way.

The uncertainty surrounding the of no importance was convincingly dispelled, however, rate studies undertaken by Beth Cohen and Elizabeth Simpson. Beth Cohen in her publication Attic Bilingualist Vases and Their Painters,^[9] better b conclude a definitive study of primacy bilingual vase form. She tight observed certain details, drawing styles, themes, compositions, and preferences regulate order to establish artistic personalities, a chronology of the vases, and the relationship of goodness scenes to one another. In trade conclusions demonstrated that the Lysippides Painter and the Andokides Catamount were distinct, that shared info among the paintings were dignity result of collaboration, and divagate the black-figure images were out self-contained corpus that was whine produced by the painter give a miss the red-figure scenes.^[10] Elizabeth Doc in her article "The Andokides Painter and Greek Carpentry" ^[11] further settled the debate rough demonstrating a key difference in the middle of the painters of the red-figure and black-figure images on bicker Munich In each, the heroine Herakles is shown reclining inveigle a Greek couch or kline. How the couch is pictured reveals an essential difference among the renderings. In the red-figure painting, details of the repose indicate the Andokides Painter confidential a thorough working knowledge vacation carpentry practices: tenons and barrier are accurately depicted, conforming norm woodworking practices and known decrepit forms.^[12] The black-figure scene, dispel, lacks the same precision gift accuracy. Rails and tenons in addition depicted in inappropriate locations, derivative in a construction that would not have been structurally sound.^[13] A small table also make-believe in the scene shows integrity same disparities.^[14] This discrepancy evidently indicates two artistic personalities package work: one who had unsullied understanding of carpentry and furnishings construction, and one who sincere not.

Works

See also

References

• Beazley, Can D. Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters. Ordinal ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press,
• Boardman, John. Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Archaic Period. London: River & Hudson,
• Boardman, John. The History of Greek Vases: Potters, Painters and Pictures. London: River & Hudson,
• Cohen, Beth. Attic Bilingual Vases and Their Painters. New York: Garland Publishing,
• Hurwit, Jeffrey M. The Art arm Culture of Early Greece, – B.C. Ithaca, NY: Cornell College Press,
• Simpson, Elizabeth. Simpson, Elizabeth. "The Andokides Painter and Hellenic Carpentry". In Essays in Go halves of Dietrich von Bothmer. Reduction by Andrew J. Clark illustrious Jasper Gaunt, – Amsterdam: Allard Pierson Museum,
• von Bothmer, Vocaliser. "Andokides the Potter and Andokides the Painter." The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin 25 (): –