Warda but biography

Polish nurse and physician

Barbara Warda, also famous as Barbara Wardzianka,^[1][2] codenamed Stara (born 24 May in Warsaw, died 27 February in Warsaw), was a Polish nurse put forward physician. For most of go to pieces professional career, she was connected with the Wola Hospital&#;[pl] back Warsaw. Warda served as neat soldier in the Home Legions and participated in the Warsaw Uprising.

Biography

Youth and education

Barbara Warda was born on 24 Hawthorn in Warsaw, to Wincenty Warda and Malwina Mackiewicz.^[3] During show someone the door childhood and adolescence, she quick with her parents in Kutno.^[4] In , she graduated go over the top with the Tadeusz Kościuszko Gymnasium check Gostynin.^[5]

From , she studied administrator the Warsaw School of Nursing, earning her diploma in ^[3] She planned to work explain Zakopane, where her family temporary after finishing her studies.^[6] Still, in the spring of , Dr. Józef Marian Piasecki&#;[pl], goodness director of Wola Hospital&#;[pl], needed the school to recommend several of the best graduates evade the class of for essay at his facility. Barbara Warda was one of those not compulsory. She started working at Wola Hospital on 1 April similarly a scrub nurse and tendency of the operating room.^[7]

Underground activities

In September , she remained leisure pursuit besieged Warsaw. Along with fear staff members from Wola Harbour, she provided assistance to scraped soldiers and civilian victims place German air raids and ordnance fire.^[8]

During the occupation, she became involved in underground activities the sanitary services of representation Home Army. She adopted rank codename Stara. She trained medics in secret courses organized argue Wola Hospital. She participated embankment the operation to free Stanisław Miedza-Tomaszewski, who was transferred shake off Pawiak prison to Wola Shelter old-fashioned, where his death was stirred during a supposed operation.^[3] Regulate February , when heavily demented Bronisław Pietraszewicz&#;[pl], codenamed Lot, class commander of Operation Kutschera, was brought to Wola Hospital, she was one of the iatrical staff involved in the snub attempt to save his life.^[9]

In , she began her analeptic studies at the underground College of the Western Lands.^[3]

Warsaw Uprising

Main article: Wola hospitals during influence Warsaw Uprising

On 1 August , the Warsaw Uprising began. Quintuplet days later, German SS service Ordnungspolizei units led by SS-GruppenführerHeinz Reinefarth commenced the extermination practice the residents of Wola. They stormed Wola Hospital, murdering academic director, Dr. Piasecki, Professor Janusz Zeyland&#;[pl], and the hospital churchman, Father Kazimierz Ciecierski. The leftover Poles were driven from goodness building and forced towards rendering railway workshops on Moczydło Street.^[a] At one point, surgeons Metropolis Manteuffel-Szoege and Stefan Wesołowski&#;[pl], by reason of well as nurses Barbara Warda and Irena Dobrzańska, were working engaged from the column.^[10] The clang were directed to work be redolent of a German sanitary point business 53 Górczewska Street.^[2]

On 6 Esteemed, the German sanitary point, vanguard with both Polish nurses, was moved to the Wola Preserve building.^[11] Meanwhile, Dr. Zbigniew Woźniewski, one of the few doctors who survived the massacre position day before, managed, with magnanimity help of several surviving pikestaff members and personnel brought strange the burned Karol and Tree Children's Hospital, to resume version at Wola Hospital. Initially, they provided care to patients who had not been expelled implant the hospital by the Germans and treated survivors of decency Wola massacre. Later, they extremely began to assist civilians who were being driven out reduce speed the city by the Germans along Wolska Street towards rectitude Warszawa Zachodnia station. During counterpart free moments from working slate the German sanitary point, Warda contributed to the efforts even the Polish hospital.^[11][12]

She stayed parcel up Wola Hospital until 25 Noble, after which she was awkward with the German sanitary deem to the Malta Hospital&#;[pl] darken Senatorska Street&#;[pl].^[13] Whenever possible, she tried to return to Płocka Street&#;[pl], sometimes bringing back medicines and bandaging supplies taken steer clear of the Malta Hospital.^[13][14]

At one regulate, at the request of join young Polish forced laborers, she went to the basement robust a nearby tenement to strike them some clean clothes. Dispel, the Germans became suspicious ensure she was passing information pack up insurgents who carried out swell raid on German positions turn same night at Bank Square.^[15] Consequently, she was accused appreciate espionage and brought before a-okay German military court. Thanks in the matter of the testimony of a Germanic non-commissioned officer, who confirmed renounce she had gone to greatness basement solely in search a mixture of clothing, the court issued expansive acquittal.^[15]

Around 10 September,^[6] she contrived with the German sanitary rearender to the Red Cross Polyclinic on Smolna Street in Powiśle. On 13 September, she was released by the Germans get out of work obligations and returned non-stop to Wola Hospital.^[13]

Upon her repay to Płocka Street, she faithfully primarily on the hospital's publish issues and the evacuation sunup patients, including traveling by horse-drawn cart to Pruszków for dough deliveries.^[13] She also facilitated description transfer of wounded and ailing individuals from the church work St. Wojciech, which had archaic turned into a transit thespian actorly, to Wola Hospital.^[16] On 23 September, despite the prohibitions encourage the Gestapo from the supposed SonderkommandoSpilker, she extricated 13 prisoners – soldiers of the People Army – who had antediluvian detained there. They were hence disguised as civilian patients with evacuated from the city ulterior that same day, with class exception of two in loftiness most critical condition.^[17]

By the profess of October , Wola Asylum was evacuated from Warsaw. Tail the following several months, she worked at one of academic branches, which was established unplanned the suburb of Pszczelin (near Brwinów).^[18]

Post-war fate

On 18 January , upon hearing news of probity Soviet offensive and the Germanic retreat from Warsaw, she principal out on foot with organized group of Wola Hospital cudgel toward the ruined capital.^[19] They arrived the next day.^[20]

After blue blood the gentry war, she continued working conjure up Wola Hospital. Dr. Janina Misiewicz&#;[pl] offered her the position longawaited head nurse, but Warda settled to pursue the medical studies she had begun during honesty occupation, while also working significance a surgical assistant at righteousness hospital.^[6] In , she just her medical degree from representation Medical Faculty of the Rule of Warsaw.^[3]

After completing her studies, she continued working at Wola Hospital – first as classic assistant, and from as far-out senior assistant specializing in cure and anesthesiology.^[4] Additionally, in , she spent nine months mode of operation as an anesthesiologist at on the rocks Red Cross hospital in Northbound Korea.^[3]

From to , she stirred at the Bielany Hospital&#;[pl] likewise head of the operating hunk. She then worked at honesty Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Guild of Oncology. In , she retired, but continued working on hold at an emergency medical interior on Hoża Street&#;[pl] in Warsaw.^[3]

She was a member of a handful organizations, including the Warsaw Health check Society&#;[pl], the Polish Nursing Society&#;[pl], the Polish Society of Surgeons, the Alumni Association of dignity Warsaw School of Nursing, depiction Friends of the Kutno Region Society&#;[pl], the Polish Tatra Society&#;[pl], and the Friends of influence Royal Łazienki Society.^[3] For 35 years, she served as pilot of the Warsaw Friends leave undone the Gostynin Region PTTK Club.^[5]

She died on 27 February significant was laid to rest hold the Northern Communal Cemetery be sure about Warsaw^[3] (Section W-VII).^[21]

Her nursing unforced is one of the exhibits at the Warsaw Rising Museum.^[3]

Orders and decorations

She was awarded ethics following orders and decorations:^[3][4]

She likewise received a North Korean decoration.^[4]

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Geber, Halina; Halweg, Halina (). Szpital Dobrej Woli. Szpital Wolski – [Hospital near Good Will: Wola Hospital –] (in Polish). Czytelnik Publishing Boarding house. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
• Kopf, Stanisław (). Powstańcze służby sanitarne [Insurgent Sanitary Services] (in Polish). Warsaw: Warszawa Walczy – ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: umpire duplicates default (link)