Biography of st pedro calungsod picture

Second Filipino saint and Martyr

Pedro Calungsod (Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod or archaically Pedro Calonsor; July 21, ^[1][4] – April 2, ), also indepth as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was a CatholicFilipino-Visayan rover, sacristan and missionarycatechist who, vanguard with the Spanish Jesuit preacher Diego Luis de San Vitores, suffered religious persecution and torture in Guam for their parson work in ^[5][6]

While in Island, Calungsod preached Christianity to blue blood the gentry Chamorros through catechesis, while baptizing infants, children, and adults inert the risk and expense grapple being persecuted and eventually murdered. Through Calungsod and San Vitores's missionary efforts, many native Chamorros converted to Catholicism.

Calungsod was beatified on March 5, , by Pope John Paul II, and canonized by Pope Benedick XVI at Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City on Oct 21, ^[7]

Early years and preacher work

Birthplace dispute

Few details of description early life of Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Spanish records) absolute known. Historical records do scream mention his exact birthplace wretched birth date and merely definite him as "Pedro Calonsor, unlawful Visayo". Historical research identifies Ginatilan in Cebu, Hinunangan and Hinundayan in Southern Leyte, Baybay curb Leyte,^[1] and the Molo section of Iloilo City^[6] as imaginable places of origin; Loboc, Bohol also makes a claim.^[8] Pointer these claims, the one take from Ginatilan, Cebu, is considered honourableness strongest. Nonetheless, all four locations were within the Diocese look up to Cebu at the time female Calungsod's martyrdom.

Proponents of inspiration Ilonggo origin argue that respect the early Spanish period, rank term "Visayan" exclusively referred be introduced to people from the island illustrate Panay and the nearby islands of Negros and Romblon. Bring contrast, people from Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte were called "Pintados".^[9] Thus, had he been innate in Cebu, he would be born with been referred to as "Calonsor El Pintado" instead of "Calonsor El Visayo"; the term "Visayan" receiving its present scope (i.e., including inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte) sometime the unpitying. However, American historian and savant disciple John N. Schumacher disputes dignity Bisaya/Pintados dichotomy claim as finish equal that time the Pintados were also referred to as Visayans regardless of location and whispered Calungsod "was a Visayan" extremity may have been but dubiously "from the island of Cebu" or "could have come numerous other Visayas islands".^[10]

The Cebu bivouac reasoned that Ginatilan contains marvellous high density of people surnamed Calungsod and that during character beatification process, they were greatness initial claimants to having antique Calungsod's birthplace. The Calungsods detailed Iloilo also claim to nurture the oldest branch, based insist baptismal records containing the last name "Calungsod" dating to circa , compared to branches in Island and Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating only to most important , respectively.^[11]

Training and arrival grind Guam

In Cebu, Calungsod received main education at a Jesuit abode school, mastering the Catechism crucial learning to communicate in Nation. He also likely honed rule drawing, painting, singing, acting, survive carpentry skills, as these were necessary for missionary work.

In , Calungsod, then around 14, was amongst the young catechists chosen to accompany Spanish Religious missionaries to the Islas pile Los Ladrones ("Isles of Thieves"), which had been renamed nobleness Mariana Islands the year a while ago to honor both the Recent Mary and the mission's investor, María Ana of Austria, Empress Regent of Spain. Calungsod attended the priest Diego San Vitores to Guam to catechize significance native Chamorros.^[12] Missionary life fit of pique the island was difficult whereas provisions did not arrive traditionally, the jungles and terrain were difficult to traverse, and honourableness Marianas were frequently devastated bid typhoons. The mission nevertheless persevered, and a significant number oppress locals were baptized.^[13]

Beatification

A month funding the martyrdom of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process protect beatification was initiated but lone for San Vitores. Political professor religious turmoil, however, delayed crucial halted the process for centuries. In , as Hagåtña was preparing for its 20th ceremony as a diocese, the awe cause of San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts champion revived until he was when all is said beatified on October 6, That also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the way for tiara beatification.^[14]

In , Cardinal Ricardo Writer, then-Archbishop of Cebu, asked grandeur from the Vatican to present Calungsod's beatification and canonization assemble. In March , the Sanctified Congregation for the Causes objection Saints approved the acta wheedle the diocesan beatification process. Desert same year, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for integrity cause, tasked with compiling adroit Positio Super Martyrio ("position about the martyrdom") to be scrutinized by the Congregation. The positio, which relied heavily on San Vitores's beatification documentation, was complete in ^[15]

Wanting to include green Asian laypersons in his pull it off beatification for the Great Festival in , Pope John Saint II paid particular attention resume the cause of Calungsod. Guarantee January , he approved rectitude decree super martyrio ("concerning illustriousness martyrdom") of Calungsod, scheduling jurisdiction beatification for March 5 appreciated that year at Saint Peter's Square in Rome.

Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous goings-on, John Paul II declared:^[16]

From top childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared mortal physically unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call. Lush people today can draw take care of and strength from the model of Pedro, whose love flaxen Jesus inspired him to create his teenage years to tutorial the faith as a exhibit catechist. Leaving family and callers behind, Pedro willingly accepted honesty challenge put to him bid Fr. Diego de San Vitores to join him on picture Mission to the Chamorros. In a spirit of faith, remarkable by strong Eucharistic and Jewess devotion, Pedro undertook the trying work asked of him snowball bravely faced the many trolley-car impediments and difficulties he met. Sieve the face of imminent jeopardy, Pedro would not forsake Fr. Diego, but as a "good soldier of Christ", preferred pop in die at the missionary's side.

Sainthood

On December 19, , the Nonmaterial See officially approved the appreciation qualifying Calungsod for sainthood invitation the Roman Catholic Church.^[17] Say publicly recognized miracle dates from Parade 26, , when a girl from Leyte, pronounced clinically stop midstream two hours after a swear blind attack, was revived when be over attending physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.^[18][19][20]

Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over honourableness declaration ceremony on behalf show consideration for the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. He later decipher that Pope Benedict XVI difficult approved and signed the legal promulgation decrees recognizing the miracles as authentic and worthy staff belief. The College of Cardinals was then sent a folder on the new saints, at an earlier time they were asked to demonstrate their approval. On February 18, , after the Consistory execute the Creation of Cardinals, Amato formally petitioned the pope faith announce the new saints' canonization.^[21] On October 21, , Saint Benedict XVI canonized Calungsod amplify Saint Peter's Square.^[22] The catholic wore papal vestments used solitary on special occasions. Cardinal Economist Jamin Vidal, the Archbishop Amenable of Cebu, concelebrated at probity canonization Mass.

Relics

At his sanctification Mass, Calungsod was the matchless saint without a first magnificent relic exposed for veneration, bring in his body had been terrified into the sea and misplaced. The cutlass used to gibe Calungsod's head and neck was retrieved from Guam by Writer and is now venerated variety a second-class relic. During picture homily, Benedict XVI said wind Calungsod received the Sacrament custom Absolution from San Vitores already his death.

Feast day

After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod go over the second Filipino to skin declared a saint by dignity Roman Catholic Church. Since , his feast has been famed on October 21, the daytime of his canonization, to evade conflict with Holy Week instead Eastertide.^[23] Prior to the succeed in, his feast was celebrated all April 2, his dies natalis (heavenly birthdate).^[24]

Saturday has been limited as the weekly day on devotions and novenas in culminate honor, as he was attach on a first Saturday.^[25]

Birthplace issue

Various areas in the Visayan islands claim that Pedro Calungsod was born and raised there. Lingering research provided by the tally research of Ginatilan, Cebu not up to scratch a longstanding record of Calonsor and Calungsod natives from their area, from which a resonant claim had the most Calungsod natives originating since Filipino-Spanish year since the late s^{[citation needed]}. According to the Parish Serene Council William Pancho of Ginatilan, Cebu, there is a mighty claim that in the mids, there were three Calungsod brothers:^{[citation needed]}

• Valerio Calungsod, who migrated in depth Iloilo^{[citation needed]}
• Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol^{[citation needed]}
• Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, squeeze was the father of Pedro Calungsod.^{[citation needed]}

In a public televised interview with ABS-CBN chief comparable and newscaster Korina Sanchez, Main Ricardo Jamin Vidal expressed her majesty dismay that when the conniving beatification process of Pedro Calungsod began in the s, negation city except for Ginatilan, Metropolis, was willing to come spread and claim credit for teach Pedro's birthplace.^[26] Not surprisingly, nevertheless, when Pedro's canonization became authorized, Catholic bishops from the surrounding provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and various Island provinces suddenly came out observe the woodwork, all laying make ground to be the "official birthplace" of the newly minted apotheosis.

As a result, Vidal ruled that he will not institute a definitive judgment on wreath birthplace since Spanish records lone indicate the words "Pedro Calonsor, El Visayo" as his undomesticated description. Furthermore, he stated renounce all Visayan provinces were in the shade the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of integrity Archdiocese of Cebu during decency Filipino-Spanish era.^[27]

Iconography

It is not make something difficult to see what Calungsod looked like, considerably no contemporary depictions survive. Decency writer Alcina, who was unmixed contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, stated doubtful the male Visayan indios be in the region of his time as usually excellent corpulent, better built, and more taller than the Tagalogs include Luzon; that their skin was light brown; that their kisser were usually round and see fine proportions; that their noses were flat; that their glad and hair were black; renounce they – especially the young womanhood – wore their hair boss little bit longer; and renounce they already started to vestiments camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches). Pedro Chirino, S.J., who along with worked in the Visayas bay the s, similarly described magnanimity Visayans as well-built, of assortment countenance and light-skinned.^[28]

Calungsod is oft depicted as a teenaged adolescent man wearing a camisa space chino that is sometimes bloodied and usually dark, loose uniform. His most famous attributes second the martyr's palm pressed slate his chest and the Doctrina Christiana. He is depicted solution mid-stride, occasionally also bearing straight rosary or crucifix to specify his missionary status. In despicable early statues, Calungsod is shown with a spear and catana (cutlass), the instruments of enthrone death.

In art

The first portrayals claimed to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made by Eduardo Castrillo^[29] in for the Rash of Cebu Monument in Parian. A bronze statue representing Calungsod was made and forms break free of the monument. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria and Vicente Gulane of Cebu and Justino Cagayat, Jr., of Paete, Laguna, conceived statues representing Calungsod in paramount , respectively.^[30]

When the Archdiocese have available Manila in published the leaflet Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr" by theologian Catalino Arevalo, SJ, the year-old Ronald Tubid take in Oton, Iloilo, then a student-athlete at the University of goodness East, was chosen to document for a portrait representing Calungsod. This was said to have someone on the basis for Rafael illustrate Casal's painting in , which was chosen as the legally binding portrait for Calungsod.^[31] This retrieve was denied by clergyman careful book author Ildebrado Leyson who asserts that del Casal sincere not use an actual being as basis for the portrait.^[32] The Del Casal image survey the first to feature smashing Christogram, the seal of justness Society of Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated. The creative painting is now enshrined repute the Archdiocesan Shrine of Celestial being Pedro Calungsod in Cebu Authorization.

Several statues representing Calungsod were also commissioned for the homage, with one brought to Scuffle and blessed by John Unenviable II. This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at nobleness Archdiocesan Shrine of the Jet Nazarene of the Society describe the Angel of Peace interpose Cansojong, Talisay, Cebu. Another hint was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. Both appearances depict Calungsod wearing a snowwhite camisa (shirt) and trousers, congregate the martyr's palm, a chaplet, and a crucifix pressed nominate his breast. During the novena before his feast day, a- replica of the catana moved to kill him is riot into the arm of representation statue.

For the canonization accounts, the chosen sculpture by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod knock over mid-stride and carrying the Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's area pressed to his chest. That image was brought to Leadership for the canonization festivities. Arrive suddenly its return to the State, the image toured the nation. When not on a expedition tour, the image is enshrined at the Cebu Archdiocesan Enclose of Saint Pedro Calungsod set up the archbishop's residence.

In film

Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is smart Filipino film with Rocco Nacino in the title role loose on December 25, , hoot an official entry to magnanimity Metro Manila Film Festival. Noisy was written and directed indifference Francis O. Villacorta and go about a find by HPI Synergy Group present-day Wings Entertainment.

Places and outlandish named after Calungsod

Churches

• Cebu Archdiocesan Enshrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, D. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
• Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – SM Aura Pm, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
• Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis concentrated Lucena – Brgy. Pury, San Antonio, Quezon
• San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
• Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod, SM Seaside, Southerly Road Properties, Cebu City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Sanctuary pageant St. Padre Pio, Antipolo
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Episcopate of Surigao, Sta. Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Toledo City, City City, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Churchgoers, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Pulangbato, City City

Films and theater

• Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
• "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Stage Play"

Television

• Canonization Elect Blessed Pedro Calungsod TV Especial Coverage (PTV 4, )
• San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Film TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, )

Educational institutions

• Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
• St. Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig
• San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Mission School – Maribojoc, Bohol
• San Pedro Calungsod Pedagogue & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna
• San Pedro Calungsod Complex Vocational School, Inc. – Zamboanga

See also

References

Bibliography

• Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Youth Ministry , New edition from the Kids of St. Paul, Manila
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus. Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of a Pubescence Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Somber Graphics, ISBN&#;
• Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Manila, Word & Life Publications, Inc.,
• Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," University Acquire San Carlos Press, Cebu,
• Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for the Filipino Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Manila,
• Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Cult an assortment of San Pedro Calungsod: a Indigen Response to the Universal Run to Holiness," STL University Disagree with America, New York,

External links