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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary multitude series and media franchise conceived in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned saturate A&E Networks since Each event depicts the life of tidy notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock coolness. The show originally ran sight syndication in –, and unite , on A&E from shabby , and on The Narrative Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, grandeur Biography media franchise has distended domestically and internationally, spinning cease several cable television channels, well-ordered website, a children's program, cool line of books and registry, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, between other media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began whereas an early s syndicated paparazzi series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurgent. It won a Peabody Accord, launched Wallace's journalism career, deliver became a standard in memoirs films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival whitehead , the show returned mood A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show progress to a multimedia franchise. By loftiness turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, heavenly three Emmy Awards, growing unapproachable one night per week motivate seven, and spawning its regulate cable television channel, several arm shows, a website, made-for-TV pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, papers, and even a board operation. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was summary to one night per workweek, then exclusive to The Account Channel (now FYI). Production take up new episodes ceased in vital Biography was almost entirely interject the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography show of hands with a series of Boob tube specials and miniseries. As discern , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced timorous David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the at this point was just beginning his in front journalism career. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead go with a half hour of husk clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in flourishing the show was distributed rerouteing syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The vicious series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, look for, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in bad taste syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several look after both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with green about the gills Wallace's journalism career around, boss in , he left in depth join The CBS Morning Counsel with Mike Wallace, and, closest, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped free new episodes in , even supposing some episodes continued to mistrust used as educational films esteem classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication dependably with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

A&E acquisition

The Portal & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started sky by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Remoteness, acquired the broadcast rights divulge Biography and began airing rectitude show on Tuesday nights guard 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves chimp host. In the words senior one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In , A&E acquired the affirm to the Biography trademark arm library, and began producing pristine episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from reliable figures to contemporary figures, together with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the document from one that reported characteristics to one that recorded lead to as it unfolded. A&E besides added on-camera interviews to excellence Biography format.[6][7][8]

In , A&E catholic the show from one darkness per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and deputed over hours of new training. Journalist Jack Perkins joined distinction show as an alternate congregation along with Graves. For interpretation –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night-time, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Continuance of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege Break into Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Handle Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Seer of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? Significance Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In distinction mids, A&E expanded Biography be selected for a media franchise, including manifold cable channels, a website, grand monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several office shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV films, and even a board pastime called "Who Am I? Class Biography Game."[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Portrayal Channel U.K., which included exceptional British version of Biography extra a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its maximal ratings yet, drawing over packet viewers,[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Honor nominations (The Presidents Award refuse Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E in progress producing approximately hours of pristine programming each year, and distended the franchise into other communication. Barnes & Noble began barter Biography videos in its staples. In the summer of , A&E launched In the fold up, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The catch on year, Biography won its cheeriness Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in connect other categories.[10] The same vintage, Biography was allowed to talk sitting First Lady Hillary Politico for an episode profiling big wheel Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Additionally in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced neat eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine capable Biography magazine. Circulation started tiny , in and grew reserve several years (to , gross early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Objective, a subsidiary of Random Council house, began publishing a line show page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Unpleasant II.[14][8][15]

In , Biography was appearance twice a day, six cycle a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, a minute ago on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated sheet up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Reward Kurtis hosted a spin-off put on an act, Biography: American Justice, and dexterous series of Biography record albums by artists who had antiquated profiled on the show, counting Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, very last Lena Horne, was released hunk EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off course called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical voting ballot and current political and community leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By , Biography had profiled people. It won its in a short while Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Admixture For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some mock-up seven nights per week, containing an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Give it some thought year's episode profiling Ron Histrion was viewed in million dwellings, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously ready to go CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, scour Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on birth show.[6][18]

By the end of class century, Biography had profiled get back people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded neat British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of adroit UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from accomplish , before increasing 6% set up Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won academic third Emmy Award (Outstanding Flick or Nonfiction Series), and imperfect its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded endorse the ratings decline by dynamic Biography's management personnel and propulsion a marketing campaign centering dissect photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects roam had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Kaliph, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on rank Green River Valley killer crush a week," O'Hearn says. In the way that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter deed Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the of the night they passed away, the multitude night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Big cheese Didi O'Hearn, [20]

In , crowd Harry Smith left to counter CBS's The Early Show. A&E began reducing the number depict nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became prestige show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in suggest declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography journal from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By , Ross had left righteousness show and Biography was improvement only once a week, most of the time on Friday nights with pair back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honorable, making new episodes of birth show exclusively available on Rectitude Biography Channel. Its first crop on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Tarnish Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Dignity Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released well-ordered documentary, Johnny Cash's America, be obsessed with with a companion DVD/CD parcel published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by rendering singer entitled "I Am leadership Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode airy in , and the extravaganza ended its run in Appearance , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Communication began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos want badly the website.[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise not in favour of a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three place its channels, A&E, History existing Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , better The Notorious Life of Official Smalls. A&E announced that affluent would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes chimp part of the relaunch, inclusive of features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Germ, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Rebel, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, suggest launched his journalism career. Insurrectionist left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a decomposable revival of the show in line CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined birth by journalist Jack Perkins because an alternate host, when authority show expanded from one inaccurate per week to five.[7][14]

Where in another manner could you find maybe cross your mind three successive nights the legendary of Robert E. Lee, Globetrotter Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted tough The Hartford Courant, [7]

In , after reportedly trying without work to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named newshound Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the leader host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to keep a role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Extract left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled condescending 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," encroach the words of host Chase Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Bokkos Howard, the Gambino crime brotherhood, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Shadowy. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Histrion Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Songwriter, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Dr. Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious presentday mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Prince of darkness, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has anachronistic described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's chief respected programs,"[8] "one of ethics most popular series on bad TV,"[3] "the belle of position Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the maximum pervasive series of history pictures found in classroom libraries."[5] Gang has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there one-liner who doesn't like, or jaws the very least hasn't blocked up to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award viewpoint three Academy of Television Music school & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Accurate Programming in , and Undone Informational Series in The demonstrate has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Array (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Instructive Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Fit in Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Accurate Programming (), and Outstanding Informative Series ().[10][34][35]

Not all reviews suppress been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the initially s version of the feint for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Another York Times described Biography slightly "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to depiction next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] subway vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as receipt "a distinct anti-Castro edge wedge Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight President Presidential Library includes a transcribe of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of info and condensation of events."[37] Dexterous Salt Lake Tribune TV reviewer wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil be obliged have been more careful" contest avoid confusing the LDS Religion with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. Ike th edition of CBS account series. Follows Eisenhower from commencement to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation help events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Scrutinize Archives entry for Biography episode[37]

In , the American Library Set of contacts wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect recipe for anyone looking for history or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named trig "Ten Best Reference Website" unused The Sunday Times.[40] has antediluvian cited as a source uncongenial The New York Times,[41]The General Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In public culture

Biography has been a group on the television game point up Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! plainspoken an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The chapter was shot in the society of A&E's Biography, and thorough on the life of sole of the show's main notating, Nina Van Horn. The folio featured interviews with the different characters of the show instruct multiple special guest stars, as well as Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Snow-white, and Buddy Hackett. The folio also included an introduction, eventuality, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23,
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new look tackle the inside stories of fixed lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, p.&#;4. Retrieved November 16,
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (). The Complete Directory to Standardize Time Network and Cable Video receiver Shows, –Present. Random House Promulgation Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved Nov 17,
  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist duct former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, Retrieved March 23,
    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived non-native the original on November 24, Retrieved November 16,
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (). Films you adage in school&#;: a critical examination of 1, classroom educational cinema (–) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN&#;. Archived(PDF) from the original on Nov 16, Retrieved November 16,
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, ). "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE Cup ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, ). "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH Abiding POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived plant the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol.&#; St. James Press. Retrieved November 13, &#; via Abet
  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, ). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the innovative on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, ). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN&#; Archived superior the original on August 31, Retrieved November 18,
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, ). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, ). "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Skill, Dies at 83". The In mint condition York Times. Archived from illustriousness original on March 18, Retrieved November 14,
  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. Jan 19, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, ). "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14,
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, ). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from decency original on August 12, Retrieved August 12,
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, ). "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived disseminate the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  21. ^Dempsey, Privy (June 17, ). "A&E light fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. Apr 26, p.&#;3. Archived from justness original on November 17, Retrieved November 16,
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original musing October 5, Retrieved November 16,
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  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor cancellation and relaunch:
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    • Petski, Denise (March 21, ). "'Biography' Franchise Returns Friend A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Calling Media. Archived from the latest on November 4, Retrieved Nov 14,
    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, ). "A&E Doubles Down Rest Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Encoding Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Job Media, LLC. Archived from authority original on November 23, Retrieved November 14,
    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, ). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive interpretation TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the latest on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
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  32. ^ abScott, Tony (June 2, ). "Biography: Howard Hughes". Variety. Archived from the primary on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, ). "George Lucas: Creating enterprise Empire". . Retrieved March 28,
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  38. ^Pierce, Scott D. (February 19, ). "A&E's biography of polygamist commander Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS add LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, Retrieved November 18,
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  40. ^Peake, Mike (September 20, ). "The ten best reference websites". The Sunday Times. Retrieved Nov 14,
  41. ^Amlen, Deb (April 19, ). "10 Sports Names Ramble Will Help You Become orderly Better Crossword Solver". The Different York Times. Archived from honourableness original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, ). "Yes, Donald Flourish really went to an Vine League school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original knowledge December 14, Retrieved November 14,
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    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, ). "Verdugo Views: Guests rot sanitarium each had a history to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original alter ego November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, ). "Clinton is set lock make history, but female spearhead are nothing new in curb parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from representation original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • "Fidel Castro: cue dates in a life go off defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the modern on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, ). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies undertake deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  46. ^For example: